Sociology/criminology

pabActions to Reduce the Amount of clerical nuisances in CanadaSociology /CriminologyProfessorNameDecember 1 , 2006Table of ContentsIntroduction 3White- apprehend unsavory playivity Issues 5Conclusion /Recommendation 7Cited Works 11IntroductionIf we provide conduct an c hardly into question in Canada asking the citizenry on whom they think should be meted the harsher penalisation , a nigh ace who robs a margin or a person who commits computer impostor . The answer we volition intimately probably elicit from more or less of the mess is that the bank thief should be meted the harsher punishment . This perhaps highlights the Canadian hostel s worry with clerical offensivesThe experimental condition skilled reprehensible was coined in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland in a speech delivered to the Ameri female venereal organ Sociological confederacy . He initi bothy defined the marches as a practice of law-breaking act by a person of reputability and high hearty posture in the course of his occupation ( White-collar detestation ) Today , the term refers to a wide variety of non- boisterous wickednesss usually involving large breadbaskets for the externalize of stinting and financial gain . White-collar horror involves two kinds of criminal offence : a ) occupational abuse and b ) unified crime (Laureen Snider ) occupational crime refers to offenses act against true institutions by persons of high social status . This may include the condense for of a phallus of Board of Director stealing thousands of dollars from his corporation or the act of a taxpayer who manages to avoid paying taxes . On the early(a) render , Corporate wickedness refers to offenses move by legitimate institutions for the purpose of furthering their own interest . This may include the act of a corporation in selling drugs which did ! non pass the standards of prissy goernment agencies , or the act of a corporation in advertising a product as having a finical attri savee where in circumstance it does non engender the utter quality , or the act of a corporation in do occasion of teleph star for the purpose of depriving victims dish acestly of their specie or propertyAmong the most common maestro crimes cosmos committed be HYPERLINK hypertext steer protocol / web .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_a1 antitrust violations , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_c1 computer /internet capriole , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_c2 credit vizor imposture , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_p1 shout / telecommerce hypocrite , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /w hitecollarcrime .html \l defn_b1 bankruptcy fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_h1 healthc ar fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_e1 environmental law violations , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_i1 indemnification fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_m1 mail fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_g1 regimen fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_t1 tax avoidance , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_f1 financial fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_s1 securities fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_i2 insider trading , HYPERLINK http /www .diogen esllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_b2 bribe! ry , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_b3 kick keisters , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_c2 counterfeiting , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_p2 humans corruption , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_m2 nones laundering , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_e3 embezzlement , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_e2 economicalal espionage , and HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html \l defn_e2 trade secret stealing ( White-collar crimeStudies show that in that location is an alarming append in skilled crimes being committed and that to a greater extent and to a greater extent people fall victims to these illegal activities . Ernst early days estimated that professional crime was costing Canadians 20-billion a year i n increase taxes and prices for goods and services (Donald Gutstein ) This only means that the money which should pass water body been earned by the government is being lost to clerical feloniouss . To offset this , the government will exact to subvert this raise up to the taxpayersIn America , statistics estimated that professional and corporate crime accounted for 10 for all one dollar lost to robbery , burglary larceny and line of reasoning car theft combined (Donal Gutstein ) In a write up of the US-Canada working(a) Group to US chairman Bill Clinton and extremum parson Jean Chretien , it decl bed that Telemarketing Fraud , both in US and in Canada , is a very in force(p) economic crime which costs US and Canadian citizen as more(prenominal) than as 40 Billion dollar per year ( US and Canada approximate Telemarketing Fraud Serious economic detestation and stick out Recommendations to Fight Growing ProblemThis essay marks to cerebrate on skilled cr imes and its impact in Canada . I force to establi! sh the reasons wherefore clerical crimes be prevalent in Canada and why Canada is becoming a oasis for professional turns . realizable dissolvents and recommendations on how Canadian people should control is occupation will in like manner be suggested at the terminal part of thisWhite-collar Crime IssuesCanada keister be contemplateed as a prosperous nation . It has a strong financial system , abiding inflation and a robust rescue . The semipolitical structure is excessively stable . This is the reason why Canada is easy becoming a exciten for white-collar sads . In Canada , the orderliness s experience over white-collar crime is several(predicate) from their perception over unskilled crime . There is exuberant focus on stopping blue-collar crimes as comp atomic number 18d to white-collar crimes . It bears stressing that the social and economic impact of white-collar crime is more serious and more damaging to our democracy than blue-collar crimes Des pite the immensity of Canada s personal line of credit on White-collar crimes , it is depressing that at that place has non been whatsoever concrete and up to(predicate) answer on this issue . The represent paradox confronting Canada on white-collar crimes place in accompaniment be attri preciselyed to the excessive cosmos , judicial and political assimilation and emphasis on blue-collar crimesThe first task is that white-collar crimes are very complex (Neal Conan . Unlike an ordinary crime such as shoot , one lavatory intimately reckon that a crime has been committed . When a person is killed there is murder or manslaughter . When a person s properties are stolen a crime of robbery is committed . On the separate hand , white-collar crimes such as credit bill fraud or health care fraud , telemarketing fraud are quite difficult to understand . around the time the people involved do non assimilate an idea that they amaze been actually victimized . pr omote , as yet if the people greet that a white-col! lar crime has been committed , oftentimes they do not know which agency to concussion and report to for economic aid (Richard JohnstonThe perception of the public approximately white-collar crimes has to a fault impacted our counterbalance against white-collar crimes . The public thinks that white-collar crimes do not profess them since it only involves big corporations and the government . They overlook the fact that the entire economy is contacted when white-collar crimes become irrepressible They neglect to necessitate that the burden is indirectly imposed upon them . Further , white collar crimes just do not calculate to interest the public . They are more concerned with the swordplay and emotions associated with violent crimesIt is not only the Canadian citizens who are unknowing on the consequence of white-collar crimes . The judiciary has likewise contributed to this neutral response to attack white-collar crimes . The treatment of our resolve and magis trates on white-collar deplorable offenders are more lenient as compared to blue-collar criminal offenders . Studies show that the former are less(prenominal) potential to be remand or even if they are imprisoned they more likely to receive lower median(a) sentences (Prof Poonam PuriThe media is as well a vile of contributing to our country s down in the mouth response against white-collar criminals . The media is an important institution in any society . They have a responsibility to inform and take aim the public active the unassumingness and evils of white-collar crimes . Their job is to mention to the public and make them understand that white-collar crimes do not only affect the affluent but they also affect the middle-class and lower-class Canadians . However , it seems that the media is not performing their imperious obligation to the Canadian public . Research shows that the Canadian vernal media give more emphasis on violent crimes . A playing field was conducted among the leading newss in Canada , Van! couver temperateness , Vancouver nation , nut and Mail and Toronto Star , to determine if it is true that the Vancouver Sun s reporting of white-collar crime is lower than another(prenominal) s . It revealed that though Vancouver Sun has admitted that its insurance coverage of white-collar crimes is diminishing , the other s coverage were even lower than Vancouver Sun s coverage of white-collar crimes (Benjamin LettsConclusion /RecommendationWhite-collar crimes are indeed a serious riddle not just of a point country but other countries as well . It bears stressing that because of the sophism of technology and the repositions brought almost by globalization , crimes such as white-collar crimes goat be committed across diverse bs . These criminals can also escape detection by transferring their field of trading operations from one b to some other or from one country to another . Consider for example telemarketing fraud which is becoming a concern not just for Can ada but the united States as well . Telemarketing firms in Canada are able to shirk and steal hundreds of thousands of dollars from citizens of other countries through the use of telephone whole . This emphasizes that the problem of white-collar crime is not simply a problem of a wizard country rather it is a problem of other countries as wellThe most important solution to the problem of white-collar crime is for the public to change its perceptions about white-collar crimes . Since the public image of white-collar criminals as those people in suits and of high social status , the public consider them as harmless individuals and that white-collar crimes have no solvent on them . The public must change their perception about these crimes . The public must realize that these crimes affect each and everyone of us . Thus , information campaigns must be prioritized so that the public may finally understand the evil military forces of these crimesAnother flair of combating wh ite-collar crimes is to pass laws making the penalty! for its commission harsher . It bears stressing that one reason why these criminals are not afraid of committing these crimes is because it is a profitable business venture involving millions of dollars .

in one case convicted , our laws merely impose upon these the short-term imprisonment and small fines . If they are wise teeming to compute the gains of engaging in this culpable trade , the advantages of committing the crime still outweighs the disadvantages . The role of the lawmakers in the fight against white-collar crime is crucial . By imposing harsher penalties , the government , in effect , communicates that it is serious in its fight and sends call attention to the crimin als that their days are numberedThe Judiciary must also be involved in this fight against white-collar criminals . No subject how we want to vindicate the white-collar criminals by amending laws , we have to do with the reality that our arbitrator system is already clogged with lineaments involving violent crimes . Those criminals convicted of blue-collar crimes merely have made our prison cells displace to the point that they can no longer admit those convicted of white-collar criminals . The usual answer therefore is merely to impose fines to these convicted of white-collar crimes . Further , it is also a reality that most of our decide are not familiar with how white-collar crimes are being committed . The sophistication and use of state of the art technology by white-collar criminals may be beyond the scholarship of some of our magistrates and settle who are trained mostly in the traditional criminal law , civil law and constancy law . They may have difficulty in ground and detecting these crimes . resolve mus! t therefore be educate and trained about the modern forms of the commission of these crimes . They must understand the nature of all the white-collar crimes being committed present and they must be made aware about the unhealthful effect of white-collar crimes on our economy When the awareness about white-collar crimes have increased it becomes easier for judges to impose harsher and stricter penalties . It becomes easier for judges to become fanciful in the sanctions that they will impose against the white-collar criminals . Thus , the 1999 case of foundation Media Brokers will be avoided . In the case of World Media Brokers , a Toronto-based telemarketing firm which was convicted of illegally selling Canadian lottery tickets to Americans , the court penalized it with a low-down fine of 80 ,000 . The said sum was a very small get compared to what it was able to steal from the AmericansThe fight against crime is not the fix responsibility of the government . The improv ements in the judge system and in the laws penalizing white-collar criminals will not be as impelling without the participation of the private sector . The high hat solution , and also the most cost-effective solution , to the problem of white-collar criminal is prevention . The private sectors themselves must do to these challenges by ensuring that their corporations do not fall victims to these criminals . Today , some banks in Canada have made initiatives in protecting themselves against white-collar crimes , such as counterfeiting syndicates , by developing their own theme Counterfeit Enforcement strategy and the Integrated Counterfeit Enforcement Teams (ICETCooperation between or among countries could also be an effective solution on this problem . It bears stressing that because of sophisticated tools crimes may be committed from one b to another making it difficult for government agencies to implement their s Though some government agencies may have been give respec tive powers by their own state to determine whether v! iolations of law have been committed , the said powers are exercisable only at bottom a particular jurisdiction . This means that even if there is a determination of violation of law and there is an to state the illegal activities and to bar the assets of those found guilty of white-collar criminals jurisdictional restrictations operate to limit this authority . Thus injunction s issued by Canadian court cannot be carried out and implemented in the United States . The only solution to this problem is for different countries to build alliances for them to effectively combat crime . In 1997 , President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Chretien met and agreed about the seriousness of telemarketing fraud in both their countries . They instructed their officials to prepare a joint study examining the strategies by which both countries could counter the serious and growing problem of cross-b telemarketing fraud . It bears stressing that these alliances will serve in extraditin g criminals back to their own country for the purpose of enforcing the penalty . No single government or organization can solve this problem To wage an effective campaign against white-collar crimes a good and effective strategy between different countries must be developedCited WorksConan , Neal (2002 . Analysis :White-collar crime . blab out of the Nation (NPR ) November 28 , 2006 . HYPERLINK http /www .highbeam .com / program library /doc3 .asp ?DOCID 1P1 ctrlInfo Ro und20 3AProd 3ADOC 3AResult ao http /www .highbeam .com /library /doc3 .asp ?DOCID 1P1 ctrlInfo Rou nd20 3AProd 3ADOC 3AResult aoGutstein , Donald (2000 ) Big Business Escapes the Critical Media Spotlight . Media mag . November 30 , 2006Letts , Benjamin (1997 ) Portrayal of White-collar Crimes in Canadian intelligence operation Media . November 30 , 2006 .Prof . Puri , Poonam . Judges Require violate Corporate Crime Education Judicial Training has historically keyed on blue-collar wrong doing Nationa l placement . November 2004 . December 1 , 2006Sni! der , Laureen . White-collar Crime . December 1 , 2006 US and Canada Label Telemarketing Fraud Serious Economic Crime and Propose Recommendations to Fight Growing Problem November 30 , 2006 HYPERLINK http /www .usdoj .gov /opa /pr /1997 /November97 /491crm .htm .html http /www .usdoj .gov /opa /pr /1997 /November97 /491crm .htm .html White-collar crime November 30 , 2006 br. PAGE 10 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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